tullisaan

Kamis, 14 Juni 2012

Nama : Yopi Atul Improh Atik

Kelas  : 4ea06

Relative Clause

Relative Clause adalah bagian dari kalimat (anak kalimat) yang memberi keterangan pada orang atau benda yang mendahuluinya. Istilah Relative Clause sama dengan Adjective Clause. Disebut Adjective Clause karena dia menerangkan benda atau orang yang mendahuluinya. Disebut Relative Clause karena dia menghubungkan (me-relate) benda atau orang tersebut dengan frasa di belakangnya. Relative Clause diawali dengan kata penghubung who, whom, whose, which, that, dengan fungsi sebagai berikut

Who: menerangkan orang sebagai subject
Whom: menerangkan kan orang sebagai object (menggantikan me, you, us, him, her,
them, it)
Whose:menerangkan orang sebagai pemilik (menggantikan my, your, our, his, her, their,
its)
Which: menerangkan benda sebagai subject maupun object
That menerangkan orang atau benda baik sebagai subject maupun object

Contoh:
Orang atau benda yang bergaris bawah pada kalimat sebelah kiri adalah sama dengan kata ganti orang atau benda yang bergaris bawah dalam kalimat sebelah kanan.Kata penghubung dibuat berdasarkan kata ganti orang atau benda dalam kalimat di sebelah kanan.

1. The fisherman gave us some tunas. He caught a lot of tunas.
--The fisherman who caught a lot of tunas gave us some. (subjek)
2. The farmer was away on holiday. I wanted to see him.
--The farmer whom I wanted to see was away on holiday. (objek)
3. The woman asked me. Her bike was lost.
--The woman whose bike was lost asked me. (pemilik)

Latihan
1. the man talked all the time. I sat next to him on the plane.
2. A man answered the phone. He told me you were out.
The man ......
3. A waitress served us. she was very impolite and impatient.
The .....
4. Some boys were arrested. They have now been released.
The boys .....
5. We saw some people. Their car had broken down.
We saw some people ... car had broken down.

Solusi
1. I met a man ... is kind to everybody.
2. The woman ... I called gave me some information.
3. I know the man ... bike is lost.
4. I'll show you the ring ... he gave to me.
5. The man with ... you came to the party is my father.

Untuk memecahkan soal seperti di atas, dapat digunakan trik sebagai berikut:
1. Jika kata sebelum titik-titik adalah menunjukkan manusia, dan setelah titik-titik adalah kata kerja atau kata kerja bantu seperti to be atau modals, atau auxilliary 'do'  (is, isn't, do, don't, will, won't, can, can't, was, wasn't, dll), maka isi titik-titik adalah who.

2. Jika kata sebelum titik-titik adalah menunjukkan manusia, atau manusia diikuti oleh kata depan seperti with, to, by, from, dll dan setelah titik-titik adalah subjek (kata benda, nama orang, atau kata ganti: I, you, we she, he, it, Abdel, Temon, dll), maka isi titik-titik adalah whom.

3. Jika kata sebelum titik-titik adalah menunjukkan orang, atau hewan, dan kata setelah titik-titik adalah kata benda, maka isi titik-titik tersebut adalah whose.

4. Jika kata sebelum titik-titik adalah kata benda yang menunjukkan bukan manusia, maka isi titik-titik adalah which.

Dengan demikian jawaban untuk soal-soal di atas adalah: 1. who,  2. whom, 3. whose, dan  4. which,  5. whom

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tugas sofskil

Nama : Yopi atul improh atul improh atik

Kelas  : 4ea07

NPM  : 11208317

exercise 37

1. The last record that was produced by this company became a gold record.

2. Checking accounts that require a minimum balance are very common now.

3. The professor you spoke to whose yesterday is not here today.

4. John whom grades are the highest in the school has received a scholarship.

5. Felipe bought a camera. Whom has three lenses.

6. Frank is the man. We are going to nominate whom for the office of treasurer.

7. The doctor is with a patient. Whose leg was broken in an accident.

8. Jane is the womwn. Whom was going to china next year.

9. Janet wants a typewriter. That self-corrects.

10. This book I found that last week contains some useful information.

11. Mr. Bryant whom team has has lost the game looks very sad.

12. James wrote an article. That indicated that he disliked the president.

13. The director of the program whose graduated from harvard university is planning to retire next year.

14. This is the book. I have been looking for that all year.

15. William whom brother is a lawyer wants to become a judge.

1. George is the man chosen to represent the committee at the convention.

2. All of the money was accepted has already been released.

3. The papers on the table belong to patricia.

4. The man brought to the police station confessed to the crime.

5. The gril drinking coffee is Mary Allen.

6. John’s wife, a professor, has written several papers on this subject.

7. The man talking to the policeman is my uncel.

8. The book on the top shelf is the one that i need.

9. The number of students have been countrd is quite high.

10. Leo Evans, a doctor, eats in this restaurant every day.

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tulisan

Minggu, 29 April 2012

Nama : Yopi Atul Improh Atik
Kelas : 4ea06
NPM : 11208317


Causative HELP
Causative help artinya membantu atau memberikan pertolongan. Pada Causative, seseorang atau suatu benda tidak melakukan kegiatan dengan sendirinya. Causative untuk benda dan orang dapat dibuat dalam dua pola: help someone or someting do, dan help someone or something to do
Coba bandingkan dengan causative Let Manakah yang bukan merupakan kalimat causative help I don't want to help you to do your task She can't help standing any longer

Causative help

subject	help	someone/something	verb word (V1)/ infinitive	Complement
My sister	helps	me	do	my homework
Music	helps	everyone	to relax	from their distressful job

PART A:
Computer ........... of the world to do long boring task
A.helps people has
B.helps people having
C.has helped people
D. has help people
passive voice dan contohnya
Kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat. Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan passive voice. Namun demikian, sering kita temukan passive voice di surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di majalah-majalah dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive voice digunakan karena object dari active voice merupakan informasi yang lebih penting dibandingkan dengan subject-nya.

Contoh :
Active : We fertilize the soil every 6 months
Passive: The soil is fertilized by us every 6 months


Dari contoh ini dapat kita lihat bahwa:
1. Object dari active voice (the soil) menjadi subject dari passive voice
2. Subject dari active voice (we) menjadi object dari passive voice. Perhatikan pula bahwa terjadi perubahan dari subject pronoun ‘we’ menjadi object pronoun ‘us’.
3. Verb1 (fertilize) pada active voice menjadi verb3 (fertilized) pada passive voice.
4. Ditambahkannya be ‘is’ di depan verb3. Be yang digunakan adalah tergantung pada subject passive voice dan tenses yang digunakan. (Perhatikan pola-pola passive voice di bawah).
5. Ditambahkannya kata ‘by’ di belakang verb3. Namun, jika object dari passive voice dianggap tidak penting atau tidak diketahui, maka object biasanya tidak dikemukakan dan begitu pula kata ‘by’.
6. Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past perfect, future, past future, dan past future perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan ‘being’ di depan verb3). Kalau tidak ditambahkan “being”, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi. Perhatikan contoh-contoh pada poin h – o di bawah.


Berdasarkan keenam poin di atas maka passive voice mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:

Subject + be + Verb3 + by + Object + modifier

Pola active dan passive voice pada tiap tensis

a. Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahis, am atau are.
Contoh:
Active : He meets them everyday.
Passive : They are met by him everyday.
Active : She waters this plant every two days.
Passive : This plant is watered by her every two days.
b. Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah wasatau were
Contoh:
Active : He met them yesterday
Passive : They were met by him yesterday
Active : She watered this plant this morning
Passive : This plant was watered by her this morning
c. Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi ‘has been’atau ‘have been’
Contoh:
Active : He has met them
Passive : They have been met by him
Active : She has watered this plant for 5 minutes.
Passive : This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.
d. Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahbeen yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been
Contoh:
Active : He had met them before I came.
Passive : They had been met by him before I came.
Active : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here
Passive : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here
e. Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahbe
Contoh:
Active : He will meet them tomorrow.
Passive : They will be met by him tomorrow.
Active : She will water this plant this afternoon.
Passive : This plant will be watered by her this afternoon.
Active : The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week
Passive : The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week.
f. Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahbeen yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi ‘will have been’
Contoh:
Active : He will have met them before I get there tomorrow.
Passive : They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow.
Active : She will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon.
Passive : This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon.
g. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi ‘would have been’.
Contoh:
Active : He would have met them.
Passive : They would have been met by him.
Active : She would have watered this plant.
Passive : This plant would have been watered by her.
h. Jika active voice dalam present continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (is, am atau are) + being.
Contoh:
Active : He is meeting them now.
Passive : They are being met by him now.
Active : She is watering this plant now.
Passive : This plant is being watered by her now.
i. Jika active voice dalam past continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (was atau were) + being.
Contoh:
Active : He was meeting them.
Passive : They were being met by him.
Active : She was watering this plant.
Passive : This plant was being watered by her.
j. Jika active voice dalam perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (has/have) been + being.
Contoh:
Active : He has been meeting them.
Passive : They have been being met by him.
Active : She has been watering this plant.
Passive : This plant has been being watered by her.
k. Jika active voice dalam past perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah had been + being.
Contoh:
Active : He had been meeting them.
Passive : They had been being met by him.
Active : She had been watering this plant.
Passive : This plant had been being watered by her.

l. Jika active voice dalam future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will be + being.
Contoh:
Active : He will be meeting them.
Passive : They will be being met by him.
Active : She will be watering this plant.
Passive : This plant will be being watered by her.

m. Jika active voice dalam past future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would be + being.
Contoh:
Active : He would be meeting them.
Passive : They would be being met by him.
Active : She would be watering this plant.
Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.

n. Jika active voice dalam future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will have been + being.
Contoh:
Active : He will have been meeting them.
Passive : They will have been being met by him.
Active : She will have been watering this plant.
Passive : This plant will have been being watered by her.

o. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would have been + being.
Contoh:
Active : He would be meeting them.
Passive : They would be being met by him.
Active : She would be watering this plant.
Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.
Contoh-contoh yang lain:
1. Koko’s nose is bleeding. He was punched by his friend right on his nose. (Hidung Koko sedang berdarah. Dia dipukul oleh temannya tepat di hidungnya).
2. The Indonesian football team was beaten by the Saudi Arabian team. (Team sepakbola Indonesia dikalahkan oleh team arab Saudi).
3. These plants were watered by my sister a few minutes ago. (Tanaman-tanaman ini disirami oleh adikku beberapa menit yang lalu).
4. There is no meal left. All has been devoured by Yeyes. (Tidak ada makan yang tersisa. Semuanya telah dilahap habis oleh Yeyes).
5. English is studied by all high school students. (Bahasa Inggris dipelajari oleh semua murid sekolah menengah lanjutan (SMP dan SMA)

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tugas

Nama   : Yopi Atul Improh Atik
Kelas   : 4ea06
NPM   : 11208317

Exercise 36

1. To leave

2. Repaired

3. Typeed

4. To call

5. Painted

6. Write

7. Lie

8. Sent

9. Cut

10. Signed

11. Leave

12. Washed

13. To fix

14. Published

15. To find

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tulisan

Sabtu, 07 April 2012

Nama : Yopi Atul Improh Atik

Kelas : 4EA06
NPM : 11208317

USING ADVERB TIME AND CAUSE CONNECTORS

There are two basic patterns in the sentences with adverb clauses in English. For further information, let’s study the clauses and connectors in the sentences below:

Mona will go to Jakarta before Steve passes the exam.

Before Steve passes the exam, Mona will go to Jakarta.

In every sentence above, there are two clauses: you leave and I will sign the check. The clause you leave is an adverb time clause because it is introduced with the connector before. In the first sentence, the connector “before” comes in the middle of the sentence, and it doesn’t use comma (,). In the second sentence above, there is a connector “before” at the beginning of the sentence. The meaning of both sentences is same. The difference is just on the patterns. In the pattern like on the second sentence, there should be a comma in the middle of the sentence. A comma (,) is required in the middle of the sentence when the connector comes at the beginning of the sentence.

In this example below, there is a verb (was) that needs a subject. There is also another clause, I missed the appointment.

Answer (D) is the best answer. Why? Because there is a subject (he) for the verb (was). There is also a connector (since) to join the two clauses.

Analysis:

·         Answer (A) and (C):  If you choose these answer, you will have a subject for the verb was, but you will not have a suited connector to join the two clauses. You need a connector to join these two clauses. So, answers (A) and (C) are incorrect.

·         Answer (B) is incorrect. Why? Because there is no subject for the verb was.

Sentence Connectors - Showing Addition

Once you have mastered the basics of correct usage in written English, you will want toexpress yourself in increasingly complex ways. One of the best ways to improve your writing style is to use sentence connectors. Sentence connectors are used to expressrelationships between ideas and to combine sentences. The use of these connectors willadd sophistication to your writing style.

Type of Connector	Connector(s)	Examples
Coordinating Conjunction	and	High level positions are stressful at times, and can be harmful to your health.
Conjunctive adverbs	In addition, additionally, furthermore, moreover,also	High level positions are stressful at times; furthermore, they can beharmful to your health
Correlative conjunctions	not only...but also	Not only are high level positionsstressful at times, but they also canbe harmful to your health.
Prepositional phrases	in addition to, alongwith, as well as	Along with being stressful, high level  positions can also be harmful to your health.

Sentence Connectors - showingOpposition

Once you have mastered the basics of correct usage in written English, you will want toexpress yourself in increasingly complex ways. One of the best ways to improve your writing style is to use sentence connectors. Sentence connectors are used to expressrelationships between ideas and to combine sentences. The use of these connectors willadd sophistication to your writing style.

Type of Connector	Connector(s)	Examples
Coordinating conjunction	but	High level positions are stressful at times,but professionals can learn to manage their stress levels.
Subordinating conjunctions	although, despitethe fact that	Despite the fact that high level positions arestressful at times, professionals can learn tomanage their stress levels.
Conjunctive adverbs	however,nevertheless	High level positions are stressful at times;nevertheless, professionals can learn tomanage their stress levels.
Prepositionalphrases	despite, in spite of	In spite of the stressful nature of high level  positions, professionals can learn to managetheir stress levels.

Sentence Connectors - showing Cause /Effect

Once you have mastered the basics of correct usage in written English, you willwant to express yourself in increasingly complex ways. One of the best ways toimprove your writing style is to use sentence connectors. Sentence connectors areused to express relationships between ideas and to combine sentences. The use of these connectors will add sophistication to your writing style.

Type of Connector	Connector(s)	Examples
Coordinating conjunctions	for (cause), so(effect)	Professionals can sometimes be extremely impatient, for their positions are at timesrather stressful.
Subordinating conjunctions	because, since	Since high level positions are at timesrather stressful, professionals cansometimes be extremely impatient.
Conjunctiveadverbs	therefore, as aresult, consequently	High level positions are at times rather stressful; therefore, professionals cansometimes be extremely impatient.
Prepositions	because of, due to, as a result of	Due to the stressful nature of high level  positions, professionals can sometimes beextremely impatient.

Sentence Connectors - ShowingComparison

Once you have mastered the basics of correct usage in written English, you will want toexpress yourself in increasingly complex ways. One of the best ways to improve your writing style is to use sentence connectors. Sentence connectors are used to expressrelationships between ideas and to combine sentences. The use of these connectors willadd sophistication to your writing style.

Type of Connector	Connector(s)	Examples
Coordinating Conjunction	and...too	High level positions are stressful, and canbe harmful to your health too.
Subordinating conjunction	just as	Just as high level positions are stressful,they can be harmful to your health.
Conjunctive adverbs	similarly, incomparison	High level positions are stressful at times;similarly, they can be harmful to your health.
Prepositions	like, similar to	Similar to other important professions, highlevel business positions are stressful at times.

Sentence Connectors - ShowingCondition

Once you have mastered the basics of correct usage in written English, you will want toexpress yourself in increasingly complex ways. One of the best ways to improve your writing style is to use sentence connectors. Sentence connectors are used to expressrelationships between ideas and to combine sentences. The use of these connectors willadd sophistication to your writing style.

Type of Connector	Connector(s)	Examples
Subordinating conjunctions	if, unless, onlyif, even if	If you consider the financial rewards of highlevel positions, the stressful nature of these positions becomes less important.
Conjunctive adverb	otherwise	You should remember the financial rewards of high level positions; otherwise, you might find the stressful nature of these positions toodemanding.

Sentence Connectors - Showing Contrast

Once you have mastered the basics of correct usage in written English, you will want toexpress yourself in increasingly complex ways. One of the best ways to improve your writing style is to use sentence connectors. Sentence connectors are used to expressrelationships between ideas and to combine sentences. The use of these connectors willadd sophistication to your writing style.

Type of Connector	Connector(s)	Examples
Coordinating conjunction	but	High level positions are stressful at times,but the financial rewards make these positions very desirable indeed.
Subordinatingconjunctions	whereas, while	While high level positions are stressful at times, the financial rewards make these positions very desirable indeed.
Conjunctive adverbs	in contrast, onthe other hand	High level positions are stressful at times; onthe other hand, the financial rewards makethese positions very desirable indeed.
Prepositions	unlike	Unlike the undesirable stress of high level  positions, the financial rewards make these positions very desirable indeed.

sumber http://sana.tkk.fi/awe/cohesion/signposts/cause/sentence/sentencebtm.html

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